气候变化中海洋和冰冻圈的变化、影响及风险     

王慧  刘秋林  李文善  潘嵩  李琰  王爱梅  徐浩  吕江华 《海洋通报》2020,39(2):143-151

本文系统梳理了IPCC 《气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈特别报告》(SROCC)的主要结论,并对主要观点进行了解读。报告主要关注全球变暖背景下高山、极地、海洋和沿海地区现在和未来的变化及其对人类和生态系统的影响,以及实现气候适应发展路径的方案。在全球变暖背景下,冰冻圈大面积萎缩,冰川冰盖质量损失,积雪减少,北极海冰范围和厚度减小,多年冻土升温,全球海洋持续增温,1993年以来,海洋变暖和吸热速度增加了一倍以上。同时,海洋表面酸化加剧,海洋含氧量减少。全球平均海平面呈加速上升趋势,2006—2015年全球海平面上升速率为3.6 mm/yr,是1901—1990年的2.5倍,但存在区域差异。高山、极地和海洋的生态系统的物种组成、分布和服务功能均发生变化,并对人类社会产生了显著负面影响。极端海洋气候事件发生频率增多,强度加大。1982年以来,全球范围内海洋热浪的发生频率增加了一倍,且范围更广,持续时间更长。海平面持续上升加剧了洪涝、海水入侵、海岸侵蚀等海岸带灾害,并影响沿海生态系统。海洋及冰冻圈的变化及其影响在未来一定时期仍将持续,应对这些影响而面临的挑战,应加强基于生态系统的适应和可再生能源管理,强化海岸带地区的海平面上升综合应对,打造积极有效、可持续和具有韧性的气候变化应对方案。  相似文献   

The role of schizogenesis in population dynamics of Timarete filigera (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae): 2-years observations in the Port of Bari (South Adriatic Sea)     

Miriam Gherardi  Margherita Sciscioli  Elena Lepore  Giuseppina Todisco  & Adriana Giangrande 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(2):306-314

Different aspects of reproductive biology of the polychaete Timarete filigera (Delle Chiaje) were studied during a period of 2 years (from September 2002 to August 2003 and from September 2004 to August 2005). Timarete filigera specimens were collected monthly in the port of Bari (South Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea). For population analysis, regenerating and entire specimens were separately analyzed, the regenerating individuals were assigned to different categories related to the region of the body from which they derived. Regenerating individuals were present throughout the year. There were three to four times more individuals deriving from the middle part than the anterior and posterior regenerating portions. From the high percentage of regenerating individuals observed in the T. filigera population, it can be supposed that this species reproduces mainly asexually by schizogenesis. However, histological analysis revealed the presence of female gametes in a few individuals. In contrast, males were never collected, probably due to the limited number of reproductive individuals collected. The abundance has shown wide fluctuations during the year, with a decrease from Winter to Spring. The analysis of the size‐frequency histograms has shown a growing phase of whole specimens from Spring to Winter. The life cycle of the investigated species is discussed with the hypothesis that strategies could be linked to the colonized environments, agamic reproduction coupled with sexual reproduction assures the presence and expansion of the population after the colonization by a limited number of larvae.  相似文献   

呼伦湖的近期扩张及其与全球气候变化的关系   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

秦伯强  王苏民 《海洋与湖沼》1994,25(3):280-287

通过近２０多年湖泊水量平衡分析发现，湖泊水位变化主要由湖盆内径流补给量的丰枯决定。进一步分析揭示，呼伦湖地区乃至整个东北地区，本世纪以来随气温升高，随水有增加的趋势。降水增加导致入湖径流量，湖水位上升，呼伦湖本世纪以来的扩张与内蒙古东部地区其他内陆湖泊的变化一致，但这在我国乃至整个亚洲内陆干旱或半干旱区是独一无二的，为此成为这一地区气候变化的指示器。  相似文献   

An Ecosystem Model Coupled with Nitrogen-Silicon-Carbon Cycles Applied to Station A7 in the Northwestern Pacific   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yasuhiro Yamanaka  Naoki Yoshie  Masahiko Fujii  Maki N. Aita  Michio J. Kishi 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):227-241

A model based on that of Kishi et al. (2001) has been extended to 15 compartments including silicon and carbon cycles. This model was applied to Station A7 off Hokkaido, Japan, in the Northwestern Pacific. The model successfully simulated the observations of: 1. a spring bloom of diatoms; 2. large seasonal variations of nitrate and silicate concentrations in the surface water; and 3. large inter-annual variations in chlorophyll-a. It also reproduced the observed features of the seasonal variations of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO₂)—a peak in pCO₂ in winter resulting from deep winter convection, a rapid decrease in pCO₂ as a result of the spring bloom, and an almost constant pCO₂ from summer through fall (when the effect of increasing temperature cancels the effect of biological production). A comparison of cases with and without silicate limitation shows that including silicate limitation in the model results in: 1. decreased production by diatoms during summer; and 2. a transition in the dominant phytoplankton species, from diatoms to other species that do not take up silicate. Both of these phenomena are observed at Station A7, and our results support the hypothesis that they are caused by silicate limitation of diatom growth. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

利用地下水水位资料推求水文地质参数     

李巍然  姜效典 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(Z1)

依据模糊集合理论,提出了反求水文地质参数的一种新方法,即用模糊模式识别评价计算水位与观测水位的拟合程度,依模糊ISODATA聚类法的原理建立目标函数,以相应的聚类中心作为要求的水文地质参数。  相似文献   

Anomalous change of the Antarctic sea ice and global sea level change   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xie Simei  Zou Bing  Wang Yi  Bao Chenglan 《海洋学报(英文版)》1996,15(2):193-208

ＡｎｏｍａｌｏｕｓｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｔｈｅＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｓｅａｉｃｅａｎｄｇｌｏｂａｌｓｅａｌｅｖｅｌｃｈａｎｇｅ￥ＸｉｅＳｉｍｅｉ;ＺｏｕＢｉｎｇ;ＷａｎｇＹｉａｎｄＢａｏＣｈｅｎｇｌａｎ（１．ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＭａｒｉｎｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＦ...  相似文献   

Biological processes and environmental factors regulating the dynamics of the Norwegian Skagerrak cod populations since 1919   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Fromentin  Jean-Marc; Gjosaeter  Jakob; Bjornstad  Ottar N.; Stenseth  N. Chr. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(2):330-338

  相似文献   

山溪性可冲性强潮河口曹娥江高水位初步研究     

潘存鸿  蔡军 《海洋学研究》2001,19(1):11-18

应用多年的实测资料 ,分析了曹娥江河口高水位成因 ,结果表明 ,曹娥江河口洪水位具有山溪性和可冲性的特点 ,人类活动对高水位有较大影响。应用统计分析法和成因分析法推求 1 %设计高水位 ,讨论了成因分析法中上、下边界条件的选取 ,其选取原则对其他潮汐河口确定设计高水位具有借鉴意义  相似文献   

The Huelva (Spain) Tsunami-Ready Station and Its Interaction with Storm Emma (March 2018)     

Jue Lin-Ye  Begoña Pérez-Gómez  Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul  Javier García-Valdecasas 《Marine Geodesy》2020,43(5):509-539

Abstract

The sea level station operating since 1996 at Mazagón (Huelva, Spain) has been progressively upgraded to fit tsunami warning requirements, due to its location in one of the main regions at risk. Its radar water level sensor was complemented in 2017, with the addition of a pressure sensor. The performance of both sea level sensors and their response to sea level oscillations, at different frequencies, is assessed. Particular emphasis is put on the effect of extreme events, such as Storm Emma, when alternative methods to obtain 1-min data are tested, in contrast to the one based on arithmetic means. The overall differences are small, for the whole period of study (centered-root-mean-square-error below 1?cm, for 5-min, and hourly data; similar tidal parameters and sea level oscillations with periods between 30?s and 5?min). However, during Storm Emma, the pressure sensor presents sensibly lower readings than the radar, with the centered-root-mean-square-error rising to 80?mm on the March 2^nd 2018. A new method to compute 1-min data, based on medians, reduced this value to 10?mm for the same day.  相似文献   

近40a来海南岛南岸的相对海平面变化     

吴小根 《海洋科学》1997,21(1):56-60

根据海南岛榆林验潮站１９５４～１９９２年连续３９ａ潮位观测资料，经过统一基准面校正后，运用多种统计分析方法研究，得出近４０ａ来海南岛南岸的相对海平面变化呈上升趋势，相应的平均上升速率为０．６４ｍｍ／ａ，这一数值较近百年来１～２ｍｍ／ａ的全球海平面上升速率明显偏小，反映出同期海南岛南岸的地面是微弱抬升的。  相似文献